The Bay of Fundy region along the northern shores of Nova Scotia offers visitors incredible natural beauty and hiking adventures through landscapes carved by the highest tides in the world. Home to coastal towns full of charm and secluded beaches untouched by crowds, this area provides a perfect getaway for those seeking scenic trails with striking coastal vistas at every turn.
Understanding the Bay of Fundy’s Extreme Tides
No trip to the Bay of Fundy region would be complete without understanding the astronomical tides that give this bay its name and distinctive character. The Bay of Fundy has the highest tidal range in the world, with a difference of over 50 feet between low and high tides in some areas.
What causes these extreme tides?
Several factors contribute to the Bay of Fundy’s massive tides. Its funnel-shaped coastline and narrow entranceway create a bay that essentially “amplifies” the normal tidal changes caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun. Additional factors like the Alignment of the moon and Earth and the position of the Bay of Fundy along the edge of the edge of the continental shelf also play a role.
Effects of the tides
Witnessing the dramatic changes between low and high tide is nothing short of breathtaking. Massive tracts of mudflats and rocky shorelines are exposed for several hours before being submerged again. Entire coastal ecosystems have developed around these daily cycles. Hikers will encounter tidal pools, tidal rapids, and coastal mudflats teeming with marine life at various stages of the tide. Proper planning is crucial to avoid being stranded or ensuring safe crossings.
With such a dynamic coastal environment, the extreme tides truly set this region apart. Understanding their force and effects will enhance any hiking adventures throughout the Bay of Fundy region.
Hiking Trail Guide
The Bay of Fundy offers stunning coastal scenery and hiking routes for all abilities. Here are some of the top hiking destinations to experience the incredible natural landscapes:
Haven Gorge Trail (2.5 km loop)
Located within close proximity to downtown Moncton, the Haven Gorge Trail provides beautiful scenery without the long drive. Walk along forested coastal cliffs high above the Petitcodiac River as it feeds into the Bay of Fundy. Look for bald eagles and ospreys soaring above. The moderate trail features rocky sections with excellent views of the water below. Keep an eye out for tidal rapids rushing in and out with the change of tides.
Cape Enrage coastal cliffs (4 km loop)
For epic ocean vistas and hiking drama, the cliffside trails at Cape Enrage on Grand Manan Island are tough to beat. Hike along towering sea cliffs, dropping straight into the surf crashing below. Look for puffins and other seabirds nesting in the cliffs from late spring through summer. Safety railings are in place for security along the very edge of the dramatic drop-offs. Be prepared for windswept, exposed conditions year-round. Difficult terrain is recommended for experienced hikers only.
Hopewell Rocks outdoor center trail system (multiple loop options)
Home to towering flowerpot rock formations emerging from the shifting sand at low tide, Hopewell Rocks is a must-see Bay of Fundy attraction. Several easy-to-moderate trails wind through the coastal barrens dotted with colorful rock formations. Be sure to time your hike with the changing tides for incredible photo opportunities. Rangers and informative exhibits help decode the stories behind this unique tidal landscape. Guided hikes are available as well.
Cape Split trail (5-7 km loop)
For a true wilderness hiking experience in the Bay of Fundy, tackle the rugged multi-elevation loop trail at Cape Split near Five Islands. Walk through mixed forest, along coastal cliffs, and down to the rocky shoreline crashing with waves below. Look for nesting peregrine falcons and stunning ocean vistas around every turn. More advanced due to steep, uneven footing—proper footwear and hydration are essential. Not recommended during high surf or foggy conditions for safety.
Hartland Covered Bridge trail (5 km loop)
Venture into northern New Brunswick’s lush forest scenery along the Magaguadavic River near Hartland. This easy to moderate loop passes through mixed woodlands and farmland, with views of the scenic covered bridge spanning the river below. picnic areas and benches provide perfect spots to take in the tranquil countryside views. Keep an eye out for wildlife like deer, birds and beavers in the woods and wetland areas. A great option for families seeking a blend of coastal and inland scenery.
Five Islands hiking trails (multiple options)
Explore one of the Bay of Fundy’s most scenic coastal areas featuring cliffside hiking trails, towering sea stacks, and uncrowded beaches. Several loops ranging from 3-7 km wind through mixed forest and along ragged shorelines punctuated with sheer sea cliffs. Enjoy views of bald eagles, harbor seals, and porpoises from high vantage points. More difficult hikes offer glimpses into natural arches, sea caves, and untouched coastline scenery. Plan early or late in the day to avoid patches with sheer drop-offs in fog or rain.
Hiking Access and Safety Tips
With extreme tides and dramatic coastal terrain, it’s important to prepare properly before setting out on any Bay of Fundy hiking adventures:
Check tide schedules
Many coastal areas are only accessible 2-3 hours before and after low tide. Download tide charts and plan hikes accordingly to avoid being stranded.
Dress for changing conditions
Layer clothing that can be added or removed for fluctuations in temperature, wind, and exertion levels. Waterproof boots and rain gear are essential year-round.
Bring essentials
Always carry ample water, nutrition, phones charged with maps downloaded, and any required medications. Consider hiking poles for added stability on rugged terrain.
Watch for coastal drop-offs
Stay back from sheer cliff edges, sea caves, and arches prone to erosion. Winds and tides can change rapidly in these areas.
Be aware of tidal dangers
Never attempt to cross tidal mudflats or rapids without a guide. Quickly rising waters can trap unprepared hikers.
Check weather and fog reports
Conditions along the coast can deteriorate quickly. Postpone hikes if severe weather is forecast.
Proper planning and awareness of potential coastal hazards will help ensure safe and memorable hiking experiences throughout the incredible Bay of Fundy region. Follow leave-no-trace principles to protect these fragile landscapes for future visitors as well.
Coastal Town Charms and Outdoor Adventures
In addition to scenic hiking routes, the Bay of Fundy area offers charming coastal villages full of heritage, outdoor activities, and incredible seafood. Here are a few top spots to fuel up and experience more of the local culture:
Alma, New Brunswick
Nestled along Chignecto Bay, Alma has charming beaches, artisan shops and cafes. Rent kayaks or bicycles and explore coastal nature trails and bird watching spots. Accommodations range from B&Bs to camping.
St. Martins, New Brunswick
Wander the historic streets of this quintessential Fundy coastal village. Visit art galleries, boutique shops, and award-winning restaurants specializing in fresh lobster. Launch kayaks or take guided hikes along coastal barrens right from town.
Herring Cove Provincial Park, Nova Scotia
This park’s rugged shoreline scenery and remote campgrounds make it a perfect base camp for Fundy exploration. Hike along coastal cliff trails with views of outer islands. Come during migratory seasons to spot whales, eagles, and shorebirds.
Grand Manan Island, New Brunswick
Ferry over to explore unspoiled coves, lighthouses, and seaside villages on this remote Fundy island paradise. Spot puffins, whales, and seabirds along scenic hiking coastal trails and cliffs. Sea kayaking, cycling, and fresh seafood round out the island experience.
Wolfville, Nova Scotia
Nestled in the scenic Annapolis Valley wine region, Wolfville has charming inns, eclectic shops, art galleries, and the highest concentration of restaurants per capita in the province. Launch points provide easy access to nearby hiking trails and beaches.
With an abundance of charming villages to explore and outdoor adventures around every scenic bend, it’s easy to while away multiple days unwinding in the Bay of Fundy region. Let the natural beauty and hospitality of coastal Nova Scotia and New Brunswick captivate your senses.