Introduction
Israel is a land filled with deep history, natural beauty, and cultural sites that provide memorable experiences for travelers. Two regions in particular – the hilltop towns surrounding the Sea of Galilee and the desert monasteries east of Jerusalem – offer a unique glimpse into Israel’s past and diverse landscapes. Over the course of a week or more, visitors can discover charming mountain villages, experience life on the shores of a biblical lake, and encounter ancient ascetics living in isolation amid desert canyons and hills.
Hilltop Towns of the Galilee
Nestled high in the hills overlooking the Sea of Galilee lies a collection of historic towns that thrived for centuries. Their commanding views of Israel’s “inner sea” and nearby villages make them ideal spots for exploring the region’s natural beauty and religious sites. Major attractions in the Galilee hill towns include:
Capernaum
Located on the northwestern shore of the Sea of Galilee, Capernaum is significant as the center of Jesus’s ministry in the Galilee region, according to the New Testament. Ruins from a 4th-century AD synagogue still stand here, with elaborate mosaic floors featuring vessels and illustrations of Jesus’s miracles. Take time to wander the tranquil ruins and contemplate this town’s biblical history.
Tabgha
Situated near Capernaum, Tabgha is the traditional site of the Miracle of the Loaves and Fishes, when Jesus multiplied bread and fish to feed a multitude. The nearby Church of the Multiplication of Loaves and Fish contains 4th century remains of a Byzantine church, along with beautiful mosaics and botanical gardens. Visitors can see the Rock of Multiplication, where Jesus is believed to have performed this miracle.
Mount of Beatitudes
A short walk up a steep hillside brings you to the Mount of Beatitudes, where Jesus delivered the famous Sermon on the Mount. Beautiful gardens and an 8-sided chalk church commemorate this powerful sermon from the Gospel of Matthew. Take time for quiet reflection while overlooking the Sea of Galilee from the surrounding olive groves and biblical landscapes.
Tiberias
Situated on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee, the lively city of Tiberias has a long history stretching back to Roman times. Today, it’s a thriving urban center with amazing seaside promenades, restaurants serving fresh St. Peter’s fish from the lake, and historic sites like the remains of an ancient synagogue from the 2nd century AD. From the waterfront, enjoy scenic views across the “Chinnereth,” as it’s referred to in the Bible.
Magdala
This ancient fishing village lies 3 km outside the modern city of Tiberias. Excavations since 2009 have uncovered an entire first-century synagogue and colorful mosaics, providing a fascinating glimpse into daily life at the time of Jesus. Artifacts like an early Christian pipe organ help bring history to life. Allow at least a couple of hours to fully experience the Magdala archaeological site.
Beit Alpha
Located in the Jezreel Valley near the Sea of Galilee, Beit Alpha contains one of the best preserved and most beautifully crafted mosaic floors from the Byzantine period in Israel, dating to the 6th century AD. Its focal point is a large zodiac circle ringed by figures representing the 12 months and signs of the zodiac. An easy 30-minute drive from Tiberias makes this a worthwhile countryside detour for those fascinated by Byzantine and Biblical art and culture.
All of these hill towns offer incredible views over the Sea of Galilee and the shoreline below, transporting visitors back in time to the landscape and communities that Jesus himself would have known. A week could easily be filled exploring their tranquil ruins, historical sites, natural beauty, and artistic treasures that provide memorable insights into this iconic biblical region.
Desert Monasteries beyond Jerusalem
While many visitors focus their time on Jerusalem and its wealth of holy sites, venturing further into the Judean Desert offers unique spiritual encounters. Among impressive canyons and rocky landscapes, isolated monasteries have stood for centuries as homes for Orthodox Christian ascetics. Major attractions in this remote yet compelling region include:
Mar Saba Monastery
Nestled into a desert cliff 20 km southeast of Jerusalem, Mar Saba provided refuge to monks as early as the 5th century. Its clifftop chapel contains incredible 6th century frescoes illustrating the life of Christ and saints. From the upper ramparts, soak in awe-inspiring views across canyons and hilltops. Consider an overnight stay to fully immerse in the peaceful rhythm of monastic life.
St. George’s Monastery (Wadi Qelt)
Located amid desert cliffs along the road from Jerusalem to Jericho, this 6th century monastery is one of the oldest on the Jordan River’s west bank. Its black basalt church contains intricately painted frescoes and icons. Nearby natural pools provide a cool respite from the desert sun. One of the premier sites for appreciating the stark yet divine Wilderness of Judea.
St. Theodosius Monastery
Situated high in the Judaean desert 15 km east of Bethlehem, this Greek Orthodox monastery was founded in the 5th century AD. Its beautiful church includes monumental crosses and icons depicting religious themes. A guided tour peels back insights into daily monastic life, prayer rituals, and spiritual teachings. Consider participating in morning prayer services for a profound experience.
Monastery of the Temptation
Perched dramatically on the edge of the Judean desert near Jericho, this Greek Orthodox monastery commemorates the traditional site where Jesus spent 40 days fasting and was tempted by Satan. From its clifftop perch enjoy panoramic vistas of the Jordan Valley, Dead Sea, and Jericho in the distance below. Learn about monastic heritage and hospitality through meeting the resident brothers.
Qumran
While not strictly a monastery, Qumran holds deep religious significance as the location where the Dead Sea Scrolls were discovered in 1947. Walk along the shores, envisioning the Essenes who once inhabited cliffside caves here. Studying scrolls now illuminates our understanding of ancient Judaism. Nearby ancient synagogues also provide a glimpse into daily life in this remote oasis along the desert rim.
The beauty of these desert monasteries lies not only in their isolation amid dramatic natural scenery but also in experiencing vibrant communities that have endured for over 1500 years. Overnights allow full soaking in daily prayer rituals and generous hospitality shown by ascetics who maintain a way of life directly connecting today’s visitors to the foundations of Christianity. Rugged natural beauty, glimpses of history, and faith all combine to create an encounter that indelibly enriches the soul.
Travel Tips for the Region
When to Visit
Spring (March-May) and autumn (September-November) offer mild weather ideal for exploring both the lakeside towns and desert locales, with average temperatures between 15-25°C. Summer months (June-August) see temperatures often surpass 30°C, while winter days (December-February) can be cool and rainy at times.
Getting Around
Both regions are easily accessible by car, with well-paved roads connecting all the attractions discussed. Taxis and organized tours also provide transportation options from nearby cities like Tiberias, Jerusalem, and Bethlehem. Consider stopping at the Galilee beaches and picnic areas along the way for refreshing breaks.
Accommodations
The hilltop towns and lakeside cities have a variety of hotel, B&B and hostel options close to main sites. Monasteries including Mar Saba offer overnight pilgrim housing with simple dorm-style beds, subject to availability. Camping is permitted in many surrounding parks and nature reserves as well.
Guided Tours
For those seeking more in-depth insights, numerous tour companies offer affordable full- or half-day trips to the Galilee and desert destinations from Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, or Tiberias. Joining an engaging local guide enhances appreciation of history, culture, and spirituality in both regions.
Local Cuisine
Seafood fresh from the lake, like St. Peter’s fish, is a staple in Tiberias. Galilee villages and towns serve savory hummus, ful medames (stewed fava beans), shakshouka (eggs baked in tomato sauce), pita bread, and salads. In Jerusalem and the desert, quality hummus and mezze platters nourish pilgrims and monastics alike at reasonable prices. Don’t miss grilled meats like shawarma and kofta, either.